由于用英語怎么說
“由于”用英語表達可根據語境選擇because、due to、owing to、as a result of等短語,其中because是使用頻率最高的基礎表達,而due to和owing to更適用于書面語場景。 很多人在學習英語時都會遇到這樣的困惑:明明認識“由于”對應的單詞,卻總在實際應用中用錯語境。比如在寫作中誤用because of接從句,或者在口語中堆砌復雜表達導致溝通卡頓。今天這篇文章將系統拆解“由于”的8種英文表達,結合15個真實場景案例,幫你徹底掌握不同語境下的精準用法,避免90%的常見錯誤。
一、為什么“由于”的翻譯總出錯?3個痛點直擊
痛點1:只記單詞不辨語境
很多人背單詞時只記住“由于=because”,卻忽略了它在句子中的語法功能。比如想表達“由于下雨,比賽取消了”,錯誤地寫成“Because the rain, the game was canceled”,實際上because是連詞,后面必須接完整句子,正確表達應該是“Because it rained, the game was canceled”或“Due to the rain, the game was canceled”。
痛點2:書面語與口語混淆
在商務郵件中寫“Owing to we need to adjust the schedule”會顯得非常不專業,因為owing to后面需接名詞性成分,正確用法是“Owing to the need to adjust the schedule”。而在日常對話中說“As a result of the traffic jam, I'm late”又會顯得過于正式,不如簡單說“Because of the traffic, I'm late”更自然。
痛點3:忽略邏輯強弱差異
“Since”和“because”都能表示原因,但在邏輯上有微妙區別。比如“Since you're free, let's go shopping”(既然你有空,我們去逛街吧),這里的“since”暗示對方有空是雙方已知的前提;而用“Because you're free, let's go shopping”則強調“因為你有空”是提議的直接原因,語氣更強。
二、8種“由于”表達全解析:從基礎到進階
(一)基礎必備:3個核心表達
1. because(連詞)—— 口語首選,接完整句子
用法特點:表示直接原因,語氣最強,可用于回答why引導的問句。
場景案例:
A: Why did you miss the meeting?(你為什么沒來開會?)
B: Because my train was delayed for an hour.(因為我的火車晚點了一小時。)
常見錯誤:Because the bad weather.(×) Because the weather was bad.(√)
2. because of(介詞短語)—— 后接名詞,日常高頻
用法特點:相當于“due to”的口語版,后面必須接名詞、代詞或動名詞。
場景案例:
The sports meet was canceled because of the heavy snow.(由于大雪,運動會取消了。)
She couldn't concentrate because of the noise outside.(由于外面的噪音,她無法集中注意力。)
記憶口訣:because跟句子,of跟名詞,別混淆。
3. due to(介詞短語)—— 書面常用,前可加be動詞
用法特點:更正式,常與be動詞連用構成“be due to”結構,或直接置于句首。
場景案例:
The flight delay was due to technical problems.(航班延誤是由于技術問題。)
Due to his carelessness, the project failed.(由于他的粗心,項目失敗了。)
注意:在現代英語中,due to置于句首的用法已被廣泛接受,無需糾結傳統語法爭議。
(二)進階提升:3個場景化表達
4. owing to(介詞短語)—— 正式語境,強調“歸因于”
用法特點:語氣比due to更正式,多用于書面報告、法律文件等場景。
場景案例:
Owing to the lack of funding, the research project had to be terminated.(由于資金短缺,該研究項目被迫終止。)
The company's success is owing to the efforts of all employees.(公司的成功歸功于全體員工的努力。)
使用技巧:在商務郵件中用owing to比because of更顯專業。
5. as a result of(介詞短語)—— 側重“結果性原因”
用法特點:強調原因導致的結果,常與負面結果搭配。
場景案例:
Many people lost their homes as a result of the earthquake.(由于地震,許多人失去了家園。)
As a result of his hard work, he got promoted within a year.(由于工作努力,他一年內就升職了。)
區別:because of僅說明原因,as a result of更突出因果關系。
6. since(連詞)—— 弱原因,表“既然”
用法特點:引導的原因是雙方已知的事實,語氣較弱,常置于句首。
場景案例:
Since everyone is here, let's start the meeting.(既然大家都到了,我們開始開會吧。)
I won't go out since it's raining.(既然下雨了,我就不出去了。)
注意:since不可用于回答why問句,避免說“Why did you come? Since I missed you.”(×)
(三)高分替換:2個高級表達
7. in view of(介詞短語)—— 學術寫作高頻
用法特點:意為“鑒于、考慮到”,用于引出需要考慮的因素。
場景案例:
In view of the current situation, we need to change our strategy.(鑒于目前形勢,我們需要改變策略。)
The plan was canceled in view of the high cost.(由于成本過高,該計劃被取消了。)
適用場景:論文、報告、正式演講等場合。
8. given (that)(介詞/連詞)—— 口語書面皆可
用法特點:作介詞時接名詞,作連詞時接句子,意為“考慮到”。
場景案例:
Given the time constraints, we have to finish the task today.(由于時間限制,我們今天必須完成任務。)
Given that she's new here, she's done a good job.(考慮到她是新來的,她做得已經很好了。)
三、場景化對比:1個句子的5種翻譯方案
以“由于疫情,我們不得不推遲旅行”為例,不同場景下的最佳表達:
1. 日常對話:We have to postpone the trip because of the pandemic.(簡潔自然)
2. 朋友圈動態:Owing to the pandemic, our trip has to be put off.(略帶正式感)
3. 郵件通知:The trip will be postponed due to the pandemic situation.(商務規范)
4. 新聞報道:As a result of the pandemic, travel plans have been delayed nationwide.(強調影響范圍)
5. 學術報告:In view of the ongoing pandemic, travel arrangements were postponed.(嚴謹客觀)
四、避坑指南:5個最容易犯的錯誤
1. 誤用because接名詞
Because the traffic Because of the traffic
2. due to直接接句子
Due to he was late Due to his lateness / Because he was late
3. since用于回答why
Why are you sad? Since I failed the exam. Because I failed the exam.
4. as a result of位置錯誤
The project failed as a result of poor management.(正確)
As a result of the project failed, poor management.(×)
5. 忽略時態搭配
Owing to he is sick, he didn't come. Owing to his sickness, he didn't come.
五、實戰練習:3個步驟快速掌握
第一步:判斷語法功能
先確定“由于”后面接的是句子還是名詞。接句子用because/since/given that;接名詞用because of/due to/owing to等。
第二步:匹配語境正式度
日常交流選because/because of;書面寫作選due to/owing to;學術場景選in view of/given that。
第三步:替換練習
把自己寫過的句子用不同表達改寫,比如:
原句:Because it rained, we stayed at home.
改寫: Because of the rain, we stayed at home.
Due to the rain, we stayed at home.
Given that it rained, we stayed at home.
掌握“由于”的英文表達,本質上是理解英語中“原因”的邏輯呈現方式。從簡單的because到高級的in view of,沒有絕對的優劣之分,只有是否適合當前語境的區別。下次再說“由于”時,先停一秒想想:我要表達的是直接原因還是間接原因?對方是朋友還是同事?在紙上多寫幾次不同場景的句子,不出一周就能形成條件反射。語言學習沒有捷徑,但找對方法就能少走彎路。
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