八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)各種時(shí)態(tài)的混合題目
摘要: 八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)混合題是很多同學(xué)的“老大難”,常常出現(xiàn)“時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)分不清”“語(yǔ)境判斷失誤”“時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志詞混淆”等問(wèn)題。本文結(jié)合教材重點(diǎn)和考試高頻考點(diǎn),從“時(shí)態(tài)特征梳理”“混淆點(diǎn)對(duì)比”“階梯式刷題訓(xùn)練”三個(gè)維度,幫你系統(tǒng)突破時(shí)態(tài)混合難題。文中包含15道典型例題+超詳細(xì)解析,還有3個(gè)獨(dú)家解題口訣,讓你一看就懂、一學(xué)就會(huì),考試時(shí)再也不犯時(shí)態(tài)混用的低級(jí)錯(cuò)誤。
一、為什么時(shí)態(tài)混合題總是錯(cuò)?3個(gè)痛點(diǎn)直擊
“老師,這道題到底用一般過(guò)去時(shí)還是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)啊?”“明明看到了yesterday,答案卻是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),我真的搞不懂!”
每次批改作業(yè),總能聽(tīng)到同學(xué)們這樣的吐槽。其實(shí)時(shí)態(tài)混合題之所以難,主要因?yàn)檫@三個(gè)“坑”:
痛點(diǎn)1:時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“障眼法”
比如看到“for three years”就選現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),但如果句子里有“l(fā)ast year”這個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),就只能用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。去年期末考有道題:“He __ (live) here for three years, but he moved to Beijing last month.” 全班42%的同學(xué)都填了“has lived”,忽略了“l(fā)ast month”這個(gè)關(guān)鍵的過(guò)去標(biāo)志。
痛點(diǎn)2:語(yǔ)境邏輯“連環(huán)套”
選擇題里經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)多個(gè)動(dòng)作先后發(fā)生的場(chǎng)景。比如:“While I _ (do) homework, my mom _ (cook) dinner.” 前半句“while”強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,要用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí);后半句是同時(shí)發(fā)生的另一個(gè)動(dòng)作,也用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。但很多同學(xué)會(huì)把后半句錯(cuò)填成一般過(guò)去時(shí)“cooked”。
痛點(diǎn)3:時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志“記憶亂”
把“already”當(dāng)成一般過(guò)去時(shí)標(biāo)志,把“just now”和“just”搞混,這些都是常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤。上周小測(cè)有個(gè)典型案例:“She __ (finish) her homework just now.” 正確答案是“finished”,但有同學(xué)看到“just”就寫(xiě)成了“has finished”,其實(shí)“just now”才是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的“專(zhuān)屬標(biāo)志”。
二、6大基礎(chǔ)時(shí)態(tài)“特征卡”,做題前先對(duì)號(hào)入座
要搞定混合題,先得把每個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的“身份證”記牢。這里整理了八年級(jí)必須掌握的6種時(shí)態(tài)核心特征,建議抄在筆記本第一頁(yè):
(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):“日常監(jiān)控?cái)z像頭”
核心含義:經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作;客觀真理
時(shí)間標(biāo)志:always, usually, often, every day, sometimes
動(dòng)詞形式:主語(yǔ)三單時(shí)動(dòng)詞加s/es(dodoes, gogoes)
例句:
My father reads newspapers every morning.(習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作)
The earth goes around the sun.(客觀真理)
(2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):“正在直播的畫(huà)面”
核心含義:此時(shí)此刻正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
時(shí)間標(biāo)志:now, look, listen, at the moment
動(dòng)詞形式:be動(dòng)詞(am/is/are)+ 動(dòng)詞ing(dodoing)
例句:
Listen! Someone is singing in the next room.(listen提示正在進(jìn)行)
They are playing basketball now.(now直接標(biāo)志)
(3)一般過(guò)去時(shí):“歷史紀(jì)錄片”
核心含義:過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(已結(jié)束,與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān))
時(shí)間標(biāo)志:yesterday, last week, in 2020, just now, ago
動(dòng)詞形式:動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(dodid, gowent)
例句:
I visited the Great Wall last summer vacation.(last summer vacation明確過(guò)去時(shí)間)
She finished her homework ten minutes ago.(ago標(biāo)志過(guò)去)
(4)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):“從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間軸”
核心含義:過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在有影響
時(shí)間標(biāo)志:for+時(shí)間段, since+時(shí)間點(diǎn), already, yet, ever, never, just
動(dòng)詞形式:have/has + 過(guò)去分詞(dodone, gogone)
例句:
We have lived in this city for five years.(for+時(shí)間段,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在)
He has already finished his homework.(already,對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響是“作業(yè)已完成”)
(5)一般將來(lái)時(shí):“未來(lái)計(jì)劃表”
核心含義:將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或計(jì)劃
時(shí)間標(biāo)志:tomorrow, next week, in the future, soon
動(dòng)詞形式:will+動(dòng)詞原形 / be going to+動(dòng)詞原形
例句:
I will visit my grandparents tomorrow.(will+原形,表將來(lái))
It is going to rain(看天色判斷,計(jì)劃要發(fā)生)
(6)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):“過(guò)去某刻正在做的事”
核心含義:過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
時(shí)間標(biāo)志:at 8 o&'clock last night, when, while
動(dòng)詞形式:was/were + 動(dòng)詞ing(dodoing)
例句:
I was watching TV at 9 pm yesterday.(at 9 pm yesterday明確過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn))
While Tom was reading, his sister was listening to music.(while連接兩個(gè)過(guò)去同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作)
三、4組高頻混淆時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)比,附“錯(cuò)題精講”
(1)一般過(guò)去時(shí) vs 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
本質(zhì)區(qū)別:是否與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系
時(shí)態(tài) | 時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞 | 核心含義 | 典型錯(cuò)題解析 |
---|---|---|---|
一般過(guò)去時(shí) | yesterday, last... | 過(guò)去發(fā)生,與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān) | 錯(cuò):I have seen the movie yesterday. 對(duì):I saw the movie yesterday.(yesterday是過(guò)去時(shí)標(biāo)志) |
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) | for, since, already | 過(guò)去開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在/對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響 | 錯(cuò):He lived here since 2018. 對(duì):He has lived here since 2018.(since提示完成時(shí)) |
真題案例(2023年某省中考題):
— How long _ you _ this school?
— For three years.
A. have; come to B. did; come to C. have; been in D. did; be in
解析:看到“For three years”立刻鎖定現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),排除B、D;“come”是短暫性動(dòng)詞,不能和時(shí)間段連用,要換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞“be in”,所以選C。
(2)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) vs 一般過(guò)去時(shí)
本質(zhì)區(qū)別:動(dòng)作是否“正在進(jìn)行中”
口訣:長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作“背景”用過(guò)去進(jìn)行,短動(dòng)作“插曲”用一般過(guò)去
例句:
I was walking home when it started to rain.(walk是長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作背景,start是突然發(fā)生的短動(dòng)作)
While she was cooking, the phone rang.(cook是持續(xù)的背景動(dòng)作,ring是瞬間動(dòng)作)
(3)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) vs 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
本質(zhì)區(qū)別:“常態(tài)”還是“此刻”
錯(cuò)題警示:不要看到“now”就一定用進(jìn)行時(shí)!
比如:“Water boils at 100 now.”(客觀真理,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))
(4)will do vs be going to do
本質(zhì)區(qū)別:“臨時(shí)決定”還是“計(jì)劃/預(yù)測(cè)”
臨時(shí)決定(will):— The phone is ringing. — I will answer it.
計(jì)劃/預(yù)測(cè)(be going to):I am going to visit the museum next Sunday.(提前計(jì)劃) / Look at the dark clouds! It is going to rain.(根據(jù)跡象預(yù)測(cè))
四、3個(gè)“時(shí)態(tài)解題黃金步驟”,手把手教你拿滿分
步驟1:圈畫(huà)“時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞”
拿到題目先找時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),比如看到“since 2020”直接排除過(guò)去時(shí),看到“at 8 pm last night”立刻想到過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
例題:We __ (have) a party now.
操作:圈出“now” 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) are having
步驟2:分析“動(dòng)作關(guān)系”
如果沒(méi)有明顯時(shí)間標(biāo)志,就看動(dòng)作之間的邏輯:是同時(shí)發(fā)生?還是先后發(fā)生?是持續(xù)動(dòng)作還是瞬間動(dòng)作?
例題:When I _ (arrive) home, my brother _ (play) games.
操作:arrive是瞬間動(dòng)作(短動(dòng)作),play是持續(xù)動(dòng)作(長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作) when引導(dǎo)短動(dòng)作,用一般過(guò)去時(shí)arrived;長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was playing
步驟3:檢查“動(dòng)詞形式”
確定時(shí)態(tài)后,務(wù)必核對(duì)動(dòng)詞的正確形式,尤其是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞(如gowentgone,seesawseen)和第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。
常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤:把“has gone”寫(xiě)成“has went”,“was doing”寫(xiě)成“were doing”(主語(yǔ)是I/He/She/It時(shí)用was)
五、15道時(shí)態(tài)混合“階梯訓(xùn)練題”,從基礎(chǔ)到拔高(含超詳解析)
基礎(chǔ)鞏固篇(1-5題)
My mother often _ (cook) dinner for us, but tonight she _ (order) takeout.
答案:cooks;is ordering
解析:第一空“often”表常態(tài),用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);第二空“tonight”結(jié)合語(yǔ)境指“今晚正在發(fā)生”,用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。
Tom _ (finish) his homework an hour ago. Now he _ (watch) TV.
答案:finished;is watching
解析:“an hour ago”是過(guò)去時(shí)標(biāo)志;“Now”提示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。
— _ you (visit) the Great Wall before?
— Yes, I _ (go) there in 2019.
答案:Have;visited;went
解析:“before”是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)標(biāo)志;“in 2019”是過(guò)去時(shí)標(biāo)志。
Listen! The birds _ (sing) in the tree. They _ (sing) every morning.
答案:are singing;sing
解析:“Listen”提示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí);“every morning”表常態(tài),用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
He _ (be) a teacher since 2010. He _ (teach) in this school for 13 years.
答案:has been;has taught
解析:“since 2010”和“for 13 years”都是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)標(biāo)志。
能力提升篇(6-10題)
While my parents _ (talk) with the teacher, I _ (wait) outside the classroom.
答案:were talking;was waiting
解析:“While”連接兩個(gè)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的過(guò)去動(dòng)作,都用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
I _ (read) a book when the doorbell _ (ring) yesterday evening.
答案:was reading;rang
解析:“when”連接短動(dòng)作(rang)和長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作(was reading),長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
She _ (not go) to school yesterday because she _ (be) ill.
答案:didn&'t go;was
解析:“yesterday”提示一般過(guò)去時(shí),否定句用“didn&'t+動(dòng)詞原形”。
There _ (be) a football match on TV tonight. Let&'s _ (watch) it.
答案:will be/is going to be;watch
解析:“tonight”表將來(lái),there be句型的將來(lái)時(shí)用“will be”或“is going to be”;let&'s后接動(dòng)詞原形。
— How long _ your father (work) in this factory?
— For 15 years. He _ (start) working here in 2008.
答案:has;worked;started
解析:“For 15 years”是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)標(biāo)志;“in 2008”是過(guò)去時(shí)標(biāo)志。
中考真題篇(11-15題,選自近3年全國(guó)中考題)
(2022·浙江杭州) — Where is your uncle?
— He _ to Beijing. He _ there last week.
A. has been;went B. has gone;went C. has been;goes D. has gone;goes
答案:B
解析:“has gone to”表示“去了某地(未回)”,“has been to”表示“去過(guò)某地(已回)”;“l(fā)ast week”用一般過(guò)去時(shí),故選B。
(2023·廣東) My brother usually _ up early, but yesterday he _ up late.
A. get;wake B. gets;woke C. got;wakes D. gets;woken
答案:B
解析:“usually”用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(gets);“yesterday”用一般過(guò)去時(shí)(woke)。
(2021·江蘇南京) I __ my homework when my mother came back home.
A. do B. did C. am doing D. was doing
答案:D
解析:“when”引導(dǎo)過(guò)去的短動(dòng)作(came),主句用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(was doing)。
(2023·四川成都) We __ in this city for ten years. We like living here.
A. live B. lived C. have lived D. will live
答案:C
解析:“for ten years”提示現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
(2022·湖北武漢) — What were you doing at 8 o&'clock last night?
— I __ an English lesson online.
A. have B. had C. am having D. was having
答案:D
解析:“at 8 o&'clock last night”是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間標(biāo)志。
六、學(xué)霸私藏“時(shí)態(tài)記憶口訣”,3分鐘記牢關(guān)鍵考點(diǎn)
口訣1:時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志“速記歌”
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):經(jīng)常習(xí)慣真理性,always, every加三單
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):now, look, listen在眼前,be加ing別忘記
一般過(guò)去時(shí):yesterday, last和ago,動(dòng)詞過(guò)去別混淆
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):for, since加already,have/has跟過(guò)去分詞
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):過(guò)去某刻正發(fā)生,was/were加ing
一般將來(lái)時(shí):tomorrow, next表將來(lái),will/going to跟著來(lái)
口訣2:時(shí)態(tài)混用“三不原則”
不看標(biāo)志不盲選(先找時(shí)間詞)
不長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作不進(jìn)行(持續(xù)動(dòng)作才用進(jìn)行時(shí))
不連現(xiàn)在不完成(與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)不用完成時(shí))
口訣3:“when/while”用法口訣
when主短從長(zhǎng)(when引導(dǎo)短動(dòng)作,主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí);從句用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí))
while主長(zhǎng)從長(zhǎng)(while連接兩個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作,都用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí))
例如:When I came in, he was reading.(came短動(dòng)作,was reading長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作)
While he was reading, I was writing.(兩個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行)
七、寫(xiě)在最后:時(shí)態(tài)學(xué)習(xí)沒(méi)有“捷徑”,但有“方法”
很多同學(xué)覺(jué)得時(shí)態(tài)難,其實(shí)是因?yàn)榫毜谩八槠薄獑为?dú)做某一種時(shí)態(tài)題能對(duì),但混合在一起就懵。建議每天花10分鐘做5道混合題,重點(diǎn)分析錯(cuò)題原因:是標(biāo)志詞沒(méi)看清?還是時(shí)態(tài)概念混淆?把錯(cuò)題分類(lèi)整理到“時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)題本”,每周復(fù)習(xí)一次。
記住:八年級(jí)時(shí)態(tài)是中考英語(yǔ)的“地基”,現(xiàn)在多花點(diǎn)時(shí)間搞懂,九年級(jí)復(fù)習(xí)會(huì)輕松很多。下次遇到時(shí)態(tài)混合題,試試用“圈標(biāo)志詞分析動(dòng)作核對(duì)形式”這三步,相信你一定能從“時(shí)態(tài)困難戶”變成“時(shí)態(tài)小能手”!
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